D1 pricing and limits

D1 bills rows read, rows written and stored GB. Missing indexes multiply rows read, which is the usual surprise.

Meter	Included (Paid)	Overage (Paid)	Free
Rows read	25B/mo	$0.001 / M	5M/day
Rows written	50M/mo	$1.00 / M	100,000/day
Storage	5 GB	$0.75 / GB-mo	5 GB

Reviewed 2026-10-25 · Official pricing page

Limit

How many D1 databases an account can have 10 on Free, 50,000 on Paid.
Maximum D1 database size 500 MB on Free, 10 GB on Paid.
D1 row and statement limits 2 MB per row, 100 KB per statement, 100 bound parameters.
D1 query duration A D1 query has to finish within 30 seconds, because the HTTP API itself must finish in that time.
D1 queries per Worker invocation 50 on Free, 1,000 on Paid.
D1 Time Travel retention 7 days on Free, 30 days on Paid.
D1 rows-read allowance 5 million per day on Free. 25 billion per month included on Paid.
D1 rows-written allowance 100,000 per day on Free. 50 million per month included on Paid.

D1 on the Free plan 5 million rows read and 100,000 rows written per day, 5 GB total.

D1 free tier daily row read error The official message tells you the Free read cap was hit.
D1 free tier daily row write error The account hit 100,000 rows written in a UTC day.
D1 exceeded maximum database size The database itself is full.
D1 account storage limit error The sum of every database exceeded the account cap.
D1 overloaded errors The database queue is too long.
D1 CPU and memory reset errors A query blew the database isolate.
Too many D1 API requests in one invocation The Worker issued more queries than the per-invocation cap.

How much a D1 full table scan costs past 25 billion rows The same 5 million row table scanned 200 times a day is 30 billion rows read. Five billion of those are billed at $0.001 per million. $10.00 on the paid plan...
What happens when a Free D1 database scans too many rows in a day Three hundred million rows in a month is about 10 million on a typical day, twice the 5 million daily read cap. The queries fail at midnight's reset boundary...
How much does D1 storage past 5 GB cost? Eight GB across the account leaves 3 GB billable at $0.75. Row traffic in this model stays inside the included amounts. $7.25 on the paid plan in this model.